LQ in Computer Science 3

Study Guide: Legal and Ethical Aspects of the Internet

Protection of Intellectual Property

The major legal and ethical problems that arise in terms of the Internet and electronic media deal with intellectual property issues. There are well developed laws that govern physical property. Physical property, also known as tangible property, is property that we can touch and feel. Intellectual property, on the other hand, deals with the ownership of ideas or the expression of ideas. Since ideas cannot be touched or felt, but they do belong to the person who developed (or authored) them, they are known as intangible property.

There are several forms of legal protection available for intellectual property. These are:

• trade secret protection
• copyright protection

1.1 Trade Secret Protection: This method of protecting ownership of an idea is to ensure that the idea is kept a secret. An example is the formula used in preparing Coca Cola syrup. Very few employees know the formula, and those who do are required to sign nondisclosure agreements in order to have access to it. The formula is safe as long as no employee divulges the secret. The company could take them to court if they did so. Another example of a trade secret may be a company’s business plan or strategy.

Trade secrets can only exist if the basis for the idea can be kept a secret. This may not be possible in the world of computer technology and programming.

Copyright Protection

Copyright protection is available for an original expression of an idea that is fixed in any physical medium, such as paper, electronic tapes, floppy discs, CD ROMs, etc. It is important to note that the "right" or protection is given to how the idea is expressed, not to the idea itself.

To illustrate this, consider two songs, one by Britney Spears, and another by the Backstreet Boys, both of which deal with the idea of love, but express the idea in different ways. Each can copyright the way they express their idea of love in their songs. They cannot copyright the idea of love itself.

Works such as books, music, computer programs, source and object codes, etc. can be protected by copyright. In addition to the actual code of a program, copyright can extend to the screen layout and graphics of the program. Copyright extends to both published and unpublished material.

Copyright Issues Involving Domain Names

A domain name is the name or address used to link to a particular computer on the Internet. An example of a domain name is www.nbc.com. The name is segmented into several levels. In the example given, the top level domain (com) is on the right, the designation of the specific computer is indicated on the left (www), and the subdomain (nbc) is indicated between these two. (Turban et al. 2000, p.506). Domain names can be selected by the person seeking an address, and need to be registered with the appropriate registering body.

Disputes have arisen over domain names because some companies have used names similar to those of brick-and-mortar companies or copyrighted names or materials, in order to attract web traffic to their site. Some individuals have also registered large numbers of such names, not for their use, but with the intention of selling these names to the highest bidder. As a result, sometimes a company with a well known brand name has applied to establish a web address and found that the name has already been registered by someone else who now asks for substantial payment for purchase of the domain name. 

In such disputes, the party claiming the right to a domain name (the complainant) bases such claims on its existing copyright or trademark rights. Such claims are usually valid if the party can show that the defendants use of the copyrighted mark is creating confusion in the minds of the public, or that it will dilute the impact of a famous brand name. For example, if domain names were different versions of Coca Cola, such as Koka Kola, Kola Koke, etc, Coca Cola could claim that such use was creating confusion in people’s minds about the producer of the product bearing such names, and would also "dilute" or diminish the value of the Coca Cola brand name.

The general rule for determining domain name disputes is to compare the following (Greenstein, 2000):

The date the registered applicant of the domain name first used the domain name OR the effective date of a validating trademark registration; and

The date the claimant of a dispute first used a trademark OR the effective date of the claimant’s validated registration.

My new Poem

STILL HOPING


" I thought you were a friend

Who can promise that will never pretend

You were my best companion

We even have a lot in common.

But things went out wrong

I thought our friendship was strong

I'd never thought you'll act that way

When I talk, you just send me away.

My heart is silently breaking

I'm not sure if it is still beating

I don't know where should I go

Or should I tell you all the things you should know? 

I wish you were here to comfort me

To cherish the memories we shared

And forget all the bad things that happened 

For I still want you as my FRIEND"... 

                                                                                                             I love my best friend!!

I hope di ni mahitabo sa amo.. 

Dapat always together ra jud mi ni ellat!

love love love love....! 

After the Foundation Day

Boring..... but Fun...

dili kaau chui ang games kay naulanan ug nainitan ra mi... dili man gud kaau daghan ang activities, gamay ra man pod gud ang days sa pag celebrate...

pero, ok ra bya japun... na enjoy ra japun..
happy ko kay nka plant mi ug tree.. chuy kaau...

nice kaau ang band sa 3rd year!! the best!! :P.
mka pagaw lang....

Experience.... o_O

I really wonder why people suddenly change. 1 day they're sweet, the next day they're not. 1 day they're here, the next day they're not. 1 day you're important, the next day you're worthless. 1 day they say i love, the next day they say who are you? 
That's how ironic things and people can be. You choose to get hurt when you choose to be in love...

"Why Goodbye?"

This was something I'd never wanted
To let go of the memories we shared
As I remember our memories together
I'll just hope that everything will get better. 

I don't really understand why you have to feel this way
When i talk, you just send me away
My heart and mind are not stable in a while
Sometimes it's too hard to laugh and to hard to smile.

Then you came along and touched my heart
I thought everything will be fine but you tore it apart
Now I'm stuck in a deep hole
And hurts to realize that it will never be full.

We haven't talk in while
So i guess this is really goodbye
I don't want to disturb you again
And ask a continuous why...... <3

If you could see me now.... o_0

"When you drop a glass or a plate to the ground it makes a loud crashing sound. When a window shatters, a table leg breaks, or when a picture falls off the wall in makes a noise. But as for your heart, when that breaks, it's completely SILENT. You would think as it's so important it would make the loudest noise int the world, or even have some sort of ceremonies sound like the gong of a cymbal or the ringing of a bell. But it's silent and you almost wish there was a noise to distract your from the pain."


If there is noise, it's internal. It screams and no one can hear it but you. It screams so loud your ears ring and your head aches. It thrashes around in your chest like a great white shark caught in the sea; it roars like a mother bear whose cub has been taken. That's what it looks like and that's what it sounds like, a thrashing, panicking, trapped great big beast, roaring like a prisoner to its own emotions. But that's the thing about love-no one is untouchable. It's wild as that, as raw as an open flesh wound exposed to salty sea water, but when it actually breaks, it's silent. You're just screaming on the inside and no one can hear it.

Computer Science Assignment

Spam
Spam is flooding the Internet with many copies of the same message, in an attempt to force the message on people who would not otherwise choose to receive it. Most spam is commercial advertising, often for dubious products, get-rich-quick schemes, or quasi-legal services. Spam costs the sender very little to send -- most of the costs are paid for by the recipient or the carriers rather than by the sender.
There are two main types of spam, and they have different effects on Internet users. Cancellable Usenet spam is a single message sent to 20 or more Usenet newsgroups. (Through long experience, Usenet users have found that any message posted to so many newsgroups is often not relevant to most or all of them.) Usenet spam is aimed at "lurkers", people who read newsgroups but rarely or never post and give their address away. Usenet spam robs users of the utility of the newsgroups by overwhelming them with a barrage of advertising or other irrelevant posts. Furthermore, Usenet spam subverts the ability of system administrators and owners to manage the topics they accept on their systems.

Trojan
A Trojan, sometimes referred to as a Trojan horse, is non-self-replicating malware that appears to perform a desirable function for the user but instead facilitates unauthorized access to the user's computer system. The term is derived from the Trojan Horse story in Greek mythology.

Virus
A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself[1] and infect a computer. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

Hoax
A hoax is a deliberate attempt to deceive or trick people into believing or accepting something which the hoaxer (the person or group creating the hoax) knows is false.
It is possible to perpetrate a hoax by making only true statements using unfamiliar wording or context, such as in the Dihydrogen monoxide hoax. Many hoaxes are motivated by a desire to satirize or educate by exposing the credulity of the public and the media or the absurdity of the target.[1] For instance, the hoaxes of James Randi poked fun at believers in the paranormal and alternative medicine. The hoaxes of Alan Abel, Chris Morris, and others satirize people's willingness to believe the media.[1] Political hoaxes are sometimes motivated by the desire to ridicule or besmirch opposing politicians or political institutions, often before elections.



Spyware
Spyware is Internet jargon for Advertising Supported software (Adware). It is a way for shareware authors to make money from a product, other than by selling it to the users. There are several large media companies that offer them to place banner ads in their products in exchange for a portion of the revenue from banner sales. This way, you don't have to pay for the software and the developers are still getting paid. If you find the banners annoying, there is usually an option to remove them, by paying the regular licensing fee.

Adware
Generically, adware (spelled all lower case) is any software application in which advertising banners are displayed while the program is running. The authors of these applications include additional code that delivers the ads, which can be viewed through pop-up windows or through a bar that appears on a computer screen. The justification for adware is that it helps recover programming development cost and helps to hold down the cost for the user.

Foundation Day

One of the most exciting events in Pisay!! I do hope na tanan na ang mag participate para enjoy tanan!! weeee!! But it will be very chuy jud bsta mas daghan ang games, I just hope naa na table tennis!!, and other games na gi wla last time(or naa ba? hehhe).. Well, super lingaw jud kaau last time, specially pag sorting!!! Very thrilling!!

More games and other stuff jud ako gna expect.. successful na pod unta ang Foundation day! let's all cooperate mga Pisay students even if lahi2 ang league! let's us support everyone and have fun!

_lul_

Introduction

Hello! this is my simple Web Site. I would like to dedicated this to all my colleagues and students of Philippine Science High School-Central Mindanao Campus and also to my Faculty in Charge and my classmates of Philippine Science High School - Central Mindanao Campus . I hope you like this site. Please feel free to visit here...Thanks. Have a nice surf!